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- Role of Plant Nutrients
Primary Nutrients
Nitrogen
- Necessary for formation of amino acids, the building blocks of protein
- Essential for plant cell division, vital for plant growth
- Directly involved in photosynthesis
- Necessary component of vitamins
- Aids in production and use of carbohydrates
- Affects energy reactions in the plant
Phosphorus
- Involved in photosynthesis, respiration, energy storage and transfer, cell division & enlargement
- Promotes early root formation and growth
- Improves quality of fruits, vegetables, and grains
- Vital to seed formation
- Helps plants survive harsh winter conditions
- Increases water-use efficiency
- Hastens maturity
Potassium
- Carbohydrate metabolism and the break down and translocation of starches
- Increases photosynthesis
- Increases water-use efficiency
- Essential to protein synthesis
- Important in fruit formation
- Activates enzymes and controls their reaction rates
- Improves quality of seeds and fruit
- Improves winter hardiness
- Increases disease resistance
Secondary Nutrients
Calcium
- Utilized for Continuous cell division and formation
- Involved in nitrogen metabolism
- Reduces plant respiration
- Aids translocation of photosynthesis from leaves to fruiting organs
- IIncreases fruit set
- Essential for nut development in peanuts
- Stimulates microbial activity
Magnesium
- Key element of chlorophyll production
- Improves utilization and mobility of phosphorus
- Activator and component of many plant enzymes
- Directly related to grass tetany
- Increases iron utilization in plants
- Influences earliness and uniformity of maturity
Sulphur
- Integral part of amino acids
- Helps develop enzymes and vitamins
- Promotes nodule formation on legumes
- Aids in seed production
- Necessary in chlorophyll formation (though it isn’t one of the constituents)
Micro-Nutrients
Boron
- Essential of germination of pollen grains and growth of pollen tubes
- Essential for seed and cell wall formation
- Promotes maturity
- Necessary for sugar translocation
- Affects nitrogen and carbohydrate
Chlorine
- Not much information about its functions
- Interferes with P uptake
- Enhances maturity of small grains on some soils
Copper
- Catalyzes several plant processes
- Major function in photosynthesis
- Major function in reproductive stages
- Indirect role in chlorophyll production
- Increases sugar content
- Intensifies color
- Improves flavor of fruits and vegetables
Iron
- Promotes formation of chlorophyll
- Acts as an oxygen carrier
- Reactions involving cell division and growth
Manganese
- Functions as a part of certain enzyme systems
- Aids in chlorophyll synthesis
- Increases the availability of P and CA
Molybdenum
- Required to form the enzyme “nitrate educates” which reduces nitrates to ammonium in plant
- Aids in the formation of legume nodules
- Needed to convert inorganic phosphates to organic forms in the plant
Zinc
- Aids plant growth hormones and enzyme system
- Necessary for chlorophyll production
- Necessary for carbohydrate formation
- Necessary for starch formation
- Aids in seed formation