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Primary Nutrients

Nitrogen

Nitrogen


  • Necessary for formation of amino acids, the building blocks of protein
  • Essential for plant cell division, vital for plant growth
  • Directly involved in photosynthesis
  • Necessary component of vitamins
  • Aids in production and use of carbohydrates
  • Affects energy reactions in the plant



Phosphorus

Phosphorus


  • Involved in photosynthesis, respiration, energy storage and transfer, cell division & enlargement
  • Promotes early root formation and growth
  • Improves quality of fruits, vegetables, and grains
  • Vital to seed formation
  • Helps plants survive harsh winter conditions
  • Increases water-use efficiency
  • Hastens maturity



Potassium

Potassium


  • Carbohydrate metabolism and the break down and translocation of starches
  • Increases photosynthesis
  • Increases water-use efficiency
  • Essential to protein synthesis
  • Important in fruit formation
  • Activates enzymes and controls their reaction rates
  • Improves quality of seeds and fruit
  • Improves winter hardiness
  • Increases disease resistance


Secondary Nutrients

Calcium

Calcium


  • Utilized for Continuous cell division and formation
  • Involved in nitrogen metabolism
  • Reduces plant respiration
  • Aids translocation of photosynthesis from leaves to fruiting organs
  • IIncreases fruit set
  • Essential for nut development in peanuts
  • Stimulates microbial activity



Magnesium

Magnesium


  • Key element of chlorophyll production
  • Improves utilization and mobility of phosphorus
  • Activator and component of many plant enzymes
  • Directly related to grass tetany
  • Increases iron utilization in plants
  • Influences earliness and uniformity of maturity



Sulphur

Sulphur


  • Integral part of amino acids
  • Helps develop enzymes and vitamins
  • Promotes nodule formation on legumes
  • Aids in seed production
  • Necessary in chlorophyll formation (though it isn’t one of the constituents)


Micro-Nutrients

Calcium

Boron


  • Essential of germination of pollen grains and growth of pollen tubes
  • Essential for seed and cell wall formation
  • Promotes maturity
  • Necessary for sugar translocation
  • Affects nitrogen and carbohydrate



Chlorine

Chlorine


  • Not much information about its functions
  • Interferes with P uptake
  • Enhances maturity of small grains on some soils



Copper

Copper


  • Catalyzes several plant processes
  • Major function in photosynthesis
  • Major function in reproductive stages
  • Indirect role in chlorophyll production
  • Increases sugar content
  • Intensifies color
  • Improves flavor of fruits and vegetables



Iron

Iron


  • Promotes formation of chlorophyll
  • Acts as an oxygen carrier
  • Reactions involving cell division and growth



Manganese

Manganese


  • Functions as a part of certain enzyme systems
  • Aids in chlorophyll synthesis
  • Increases the availability of P and CA



Molybdenum

Molybdenum


  • Required to form the enzyme “nitrate educates” which reduces nitrates to ammonium in plant
  • Aids in the formation of legume nodules
  • Needed to convert inorganic phosphates to organic forms in the plant



Zinc

Zinc


  • Aids plant growth hormones and enzyme system
  • Necessary for chlorophyll production
  • Necessary for carbohydrate formation
  • Necessary for starch formation
  • Aids in seed formation